A. DEFINITIONS.
Is the pull of the muscles, ligaments or tendons caused by a strain (streech) is excessive.
B. Pathophysiology.
Is the undue power that is applied to the muscles, ligaments or tendons. Power (force) it will stretch the fibers and cause temporary weakness and numbness and bleeding if blood vessels and capillaries in the diseased tissue is experiencing excessive strain.
C. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
- Weaknesses
- Numbness
- Bleeding is characterized by:
- Discoloration
- Aperture of the skin
- Changes in mobility, stability and joint looseness.
- Pain
- Odema
D. HANDLING.
Weakness usually lasts about 24-72 hours while the numbness usually disappears within 1 hour. Bleeding usually lasts for 30 minutes or more unless the applied pressure or cold to stop it. Muscles, ligaments or tendons that cramps will regain full function after being given conservative treatment.
E. TREATMENT PLAN.
1. Chemotherapy.
With analgesics such as aspirin (300-600 mg / day) or acetaminophen (300-600 mg / day).
2. Electromechanical.
- The application of cold.
24 0C with an ice bag
- Dressings or external wrapping.
With dressings or pengendongan part.
- Elevated or raised position.
With elevated if the pain is the extremities.
- ROM exercises.
Exercise slowly and use their best after 48 hours.
Buffer load.
Done their best in full use.
Sprain (sprain)
A. DEFINITIONS.
Is kekoyakan in muscles, ligaments or tendons that may be moderate or severe.
B. Pathophysiology.
Is kekoyakan (avulsion) of all or part of, and around the joints, caused by improper power, twisting or pushing / pressing at the time of exercise or work activities.
Most sprains occur on the wrists and ankles, fingers and toes. In trauma sports (soccer) often occurs in the knee joint ligament tear. Other joints can also dislocate if the power applied pressure or undue traction without interspersed appeasement.
C. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
- Similar to the strain (cramps) but more severe.
- Edema, hemorrhage and discoloration is more real.
- Inability to use the joints, muscles and tendons.
- Unable to support the load, more severe and constant pain.
D. TREATMENT PLAN.
1. Surgery.
Joints may be required in order to function fully; deductions open to repair the torn tissue.
2. Chemotherapy.
With the analgesic Aspirin (100-300 mg every 4 hours) to relieve pain and inflammation. Sometimes necessary Narcotics (codeine 30-60 mg orally every 4 hours) for severe pain.
3. Electromechanical.
Implementation- With a bag of ice cold 24 0C
- Dressings / external wrapping.
With dressings, cast or pengendongan (sung).
- Elevated position.
If the pain is part of the extremities.
- ROM exercises.
Not done exercise in the event of severe pain and bleeding. Exercise slowly begins after 7-10 days depending on the diseased tissue.
- Buffer load.
Stopping buffer load with the use of crutches for 7 days or more depending on the diseased tissue.
DIAGNOSTIC STUDY.
a. History:
- Pressure
- Pull without abatement
- The undue
b. Physical Examination:
The signs on the skin, circulatory and musculoskeletal systems.
NURSING CARE TO CLIENTS
STRAIN AND sprain
I. ASSESSMENT.
1. The identity of the patient.
2. Main Complaints.
Pain, weakness, numbness, edema, bleeding, change in mobility / inability to use the joints, muscles and tendons.
3. Health history.
a. Disease history now.
- When a complaint is felt, whether active after work or after exercise.
- Areas where the traumatized.
- How do the characteristics of the pain.
b. Disease history of the past.
Whether the client has previously experienced pain like this or experienced other trauma to the musculoskeletal system.
c. Family history of disease.
Are there family members who suffer from diseases like this.
4. Physical Examination.
a. Inspection:
- Weaknesses
- Edema
o Bleeding skin color changes
- Inability to use the joint
b. Palpation:
- Numbness
c. Auscultation
d. Percussion.
5. Examination Support.
In the sprain to the diagnosis should be carried out x-rays to distinguish with fractures.
II. NURSING DIAGNOSIS THAT MAY ARISE.
1. Impaired physical mobility related to pain / disability, characterized by the inability to use the joints, muscles and tendons.
Objectives:
- Improve / maintain mobility at the highest level possible.
- Demonstrate techniques enable carrying out the activity (active and passive ROM).
Intervention:
- Assess the degree of mobility generated by the injury / treatment and note the patient's perception of the mobilization.
- Teach to carry out the patient's range of motion exercises / active at the extremities of healthy and passive range of motion exercises on the sick limb.
- Give the dressing, appropriate splinting.
2. Acute pain associated with stretching or kekoyakan in muscles, ligaments or tendons is characterized by weakness, numbness, bleeding, edema, pain.
Objectives:
- Declare the pain disappeared.
Intervention:
- Maintain immobilization of the affected part with bed rest, casts and dressings.
- Elevate and support the affected extremity.
- Provision of a cold compress with ice bag 24 0C.
- Teach the methods of distraction and relaxation for acute pain.
- Give individuals the optimal pain relief with analgesics.
3. Impaired self-concept related to the loss of bodily functions.
Objectives:
-Demonstrating the adaptation of health, handling skills.
Intervention:
- Encourage individuals to express feelings, especially about the view of thinking person's feelings.
- Encourage individuals to ask about problems, treatment, development, and health prognosis.
- Provide reliable information and reinforce the information already provided.
- Avoid negative criticism.
- Give a privacy and security environment.
Is the pull of the muscles, ligaments or tendons caused by a strain (streech) is excessive.
B. Pathophysiology.
Is the undue power that is applied to the muscles, ligaments or tendons. Power (force) it will stretch the fibers and cause temporary weakness and numbness and bleeding if blood vessels and capillaries in the diseased tissue is experiencing excessive strain.
C. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
- Weaknesses
- Numbness
- Bleeding is characterized by:
- Discoloration
- Aperture of the skin
- Changes in mobility, stability and joint looseness.
- Pain
- Odema
D. HANDLING.
Weakness usually lasts about 24-72 hours while the numbness usually disappears within 1 hour. Bleeding usually lasts for 30 minutes or more unless the applied pressure or cold to stop it. Muscles, ligaments or tendons that cramps will regain full function after being given conservative treatment.
E. TREATMENT PLAN.
1. Chemotherapy.
With analgesics such as aspirin (300-600 mg / day) or acetaminophen (300-600 mg / day).
2. Electromechanical.
- The application of cold.
24 0C with an ice bag
- Dressings or external wrapping.
With dressings or pengendongan part.
- Elevated or raised position.
With elevated if the pain is the extremities.
- ROM exercises.
Exercise slowly and use their best after 48 hours.
Buffer load.
Done their best in full use.
Sprain (sprain)
A. DEFINITIONS.
Is kekoyakan in muscles, ligaments or tendons that may be moderate or severe.
B. Pathophysiology.
Is kekoyakan (avulsion) of all or part of, and around the joints, caused by improper power, twisting or pushing / pressing at the time of exercise or work activities.
Most sprains occur on the wrists and ankles, fingers and toes. In trauma sports (soccer) often occurs in the knee joint ligament tear. Other joints can also dislocate if the power applied pressure or undue traction without interspersed appeasement.
C. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS.
- Similar to the strain (cramps) but more severe.
- Edema, hemorrhage and discoloration is more real.
- Inability to use the joints, muscles and tendons.
- Unable to support the load, more severe and constant pain.
D. TREATMENT PLAN.
1. Surgery.
Joints may be required in order to function fully; deductions open to repair the torn tissue.
2. Chemotherapy.
With the analgesic Aspirin (100-300 mg every 4 hours) to relieve pain and inflammation. Sometimes necessary Narcotics (codeine 30-60 mg orally every 4 hours) for severe pain.
3. Electromechanical.
Implementation- With a bag of ice cold 24 0C
- Dressings / external wrapping.
With dressings, cast or pengendongan (sung).
- Elevated position.
If the pain is part of the extremities.
- ROM exercises.
Not done exercise in the event of severe pain and bleeding. Exercise slowly begins after 7-10 days depending on the diseased tissue.
- Buffer load.
Stopping buffer load with the use of crutches for 7 days or more depending on the diseased tissue.
DIAGNOSTIC STUDY.
a. History:
- Pressure
- Pull without abatement
- The undue
b. Physical Examination:
The signs on the skin, circulatory and musculoskeletal systems.
NURSING CARE TO CLIENTS
STRAIN AND sprain
I. ASSESSMENT.
1. The identity of the patient.
2. Main Complaints.
Pain, weakness, numbness, edema, bleeding, change in mobility / inability to use the joints, muscles and tendons.
3. Health history.
a. Disease history now.
- When a complaint is felt, whether active after work or after exercise.
- Areas where the traumatized.
- How do the characteristics of the pain.
b. Disease history of the past.
Whether the client has previously experienced pain like this or experienced other trauma to the musculoskeletal system.
c. Family history of disease.
Are there family members who suffer from diseases like this.
4. Physical Examination.
a. Inspection:
- Weaknesses
- Edema
o Bleeding skin color changes
- Inability to use the joint
b. Palpation:
- Numbness
c. Auscultation
d. Percussion.
5. Examination Support.
In the sprain to the diagnosis should be carried out x-rays to distinguish with fractures.
II. NURSING DIAGNOSIS THAT MAY ARISE.
1. Impaired physical mobility related to pain / disability, characterized by the inability to use the joints, muscles and tendons.
Objectives:
- Improve / maintain mobility at the highest level possible.
- Demonstrate techniques enable carrying out the activity (active and passive ROM).
Intervention:
- Assess the degree of mobility generated by the injury / treatment and note the patient's perception of the mobilization.
- Teach to carry out the patient's range of motion exercises / active at the extremities of healthy and passive range of motion exercises on the sick limb.
- Give the dressing, appropriate splinting.
2. Acute pain associated with stretching or kekoyakan in muscles, ligaments or tendons is characterized by weakness, numbness, bleeding, edema, pain.
Objectives:
- Declare the pain disappeared.
Intervention:
- Maintain immobilization of the affected part with bed rest, casts and dressings.
- Elevate and support the affected extremity.
- Provision of a cold compress with ice bag 24 0C.
- Teach the methods of distraction and relaxation for acute pain.
- Give individuals the optimal pain relief with analgesics.
3. Impaired self-concept related to the loss of bodily functions.
Objectives:
-Demonstrating the adaptation of health, handling skills.
Intervention:
- Encourage individuals to express feelings, especially about the view of thinking person's feelings.
- Encourage individuals to ask about problems, treatment, development, and health prognosis.
- Provide reliable information and reinforce the information already provided.
- Avoid negative criticism.
- Give a privacy and security environment.
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